This collection of essays approaches the history of psychoanalysis from a transnational perspective, emphasizing the flows of people, ideas and institutions across cultures and nations, and examining the factors that contributed to turn psychoanalysis into one of the systems of belief which defined the twentieth century. By examining aspects of this phenomenon across several continents, drawing on case studies from Brazil, Argentina, Australia, and the Netherlands, these essays provide a global and international consideration of the ways in which psychoanalytic ideas were circulated, contested and debated across place and time. Moving the history of psychoanalysis beyond the paradigm of national histories, this exciting new volume considers how ideas about the self, the unconscious and issues of modernity shaped understandings of the relationship between culture and self in distinctive ways.