The field of string cosmology has matured considerably over the past few years, attracting many new adherents to this multidisciplinary Field.This book fills a criticalgap by bringing together strains of current research into one single volume. The resulting collection of selected articles presents the latest, ongoing results from renowned experts currently working in the field. This offers the possibility for practitioners to become conversant with many different aspects of string cosmology. From the contents: Introduction to Cosmology and String Theory String Inflation I: Brane Inflation String Inflation II: Inflation from Moduli Cosmic Superstrings The CMB as a Possible Probe of String Theory String Gas Cosmology Gauge-Gravity Duality and String Cosmology Heterotic M-Theory and Cosmology