This book investigates how environmental qualities can be managed through social capacity development in developing countries. To this end, the book proposes a concept of social capacity assessment (SCA) and presents empirical tools for the SCA, which can be used for the analysis in developing countries. The book consists of two parts: the first part introduces the concept of the SCA and presents empirical models to analyze the SCA. Providing a comprehensive view of the SCA, this book develops multiple tools, including indicator development, actor-factor analysis and development stage analysis. The second part of the book applies the SCA to other problems under scrutiny in developing countries, including poverty reduction, infrastructure management and the protection of endangered species.