This book introduces and defines a new area in computer science and artificial intelligence called brain-like computing. Brain-like computing combines traditional computational techniques with computational and cognitive ideas, principles and models inspired by the brain for building information systems used in our every day life. Image and speech processing, creative planning and design, adaptive control, knowledge acquisition and database mining, are only a few areas where brain-like computing is applied. The more is known about the functionality of the brain the more intelligent the information systems will become. The book comprises chapters written by well known specialists in this field and can be used by scientists and graduate students from different areas, as well as by wider audience of people interested in the present and future development of this exciting area.